Broadening Color Shade of Dyed Wool Fibre with Binary and Ternary Natural Plant Dye Combinations

A limited selection of natural dyes’ color impedes the development of textile dyeing with natural plant dyes. Inspiring by the conventional coloration of textiles with a combination of three synthetic dyes generally, the present work is to investigate the broadening color shade of dyed wool fiber with ternary natural dye combinations of madder red (MR), gardenia yellow (GY), and gardenia blue (GB) without mordants in a decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) medium. The wool yarn was wetted in an aqueous solution of pH 3 to own a 300% pickup rate, followed by immersion in a D5 medium containing 2% of alcohol ethoxylate (AEO-3) and solid natural dyes at 90°C for 90 min for coloration. The colorfastness to washing was achieved at a 4–5 for fading and a 5 rating for staining for all colors. The XRD patterns and TGA analysis confirmed that the dyeing procedure did not affect the crystallinity nature and stable thermal tendency. SEM images and cross-sections showed that the dyeing procedure did not damage the morphological structure of the wool fiber surface, and the dyes were evenly distributed. Finally, many color shades of dyed fibers were prepared with various dyes’ ratios.